43.

D. Groos: Der Krieg zur See 1914-1918 - Der Krieg in der Nordsee (Berlin: Ernst Siegfried Mittler und John, 1920) volume I p.65. Badly worded, in order to check what this apparently said I also researched both British and German diplomatic records.

44.

PRO: ADM 186/619 pp.48-53

45.

PRO: ADM 186/604 p.7

46.

PRO: ADM 1/8376/111 M12321 2^nd July 1914

47.

PRO: ADM 186/619 p.53

48.

PRO: ADM 137/1002 pp.16-17

49.

PRO: ADM 186/619 pp.53-54

50.

PRO: ADM 186/604 p.9

51.

PRO: ADM 186/619 p.48 & p.100

52.

Ibid. pp100-103

53.

PRO: ADM 137/1002 pp.265-273

54.

IWM: Memoirs of Cdr. B.W.L. Owen R.N.

55.

PRO: ADM 189/27 p.55

56.

PRO: ADM 137/970 pp.25-26; and ADM 137/971 pp.438-449

57.

PRO: ADM 137/970 p.443

58.

PRO: ADM 137/1002 pp.360-366; and ADM 137/3108 pp.369-410

59.

PRO: ADM 186/620 pp.23-28

60.

Guildhall Library: Lloyd’s War Losses 1914-18 (London: Lloyd’s of London, 1990) pp.2-5 & p.242

61.

PRO: ADM 186/619 pp.103-106

62.

PRO: ADM 137/3108 pp.411-412

63.

IWM: PP/MCR/310 Memoirs of Sir Basil Kemball-Cook pp.177-181

64.

PRO: ADM 137/3108 p.412

65.

Admiralty Library: As part of Paravanes, Submarines and Minesweepers etc 1914-1918

66.

PRO: ADM 186/604 p.11

67.

PRO: ADM 137/1003 pp.191-203

68.

PRO: ADM 137/843 p.37

69.

PRO: ADM 186/620 pp.76-77; and ADM 137/1003 pp.132-139

70.

PRO: ADM 186/620 pp.60-65 & pp.124-125

71.

PRO: ADM 137/2810 - Telegrams indicate, apart from MANCHESTER COMMERCE a large sailing-ship may have been mined October 1914. Later casualties ADM 186/620 p.134

72.

PRO: ADM 186/620 pp.133-134

73.

PRO: ADM 186/621 p.88

74.

Ibid. pp1-2, pp.18-24 & p.87

75.

Ibid. pp.2-5 & pp.7-8

76.

Ibid pp.15-16 - Civilian losses Guildhall Library: Lloyd’s War Losses pp.5-6

77.

PRO: ADM 137/1004 pp.37-42; and ADM 137/4172 Letter Ellison to Admiralty 17^th September 1914

78.

PRO: ADM 186/621 p.111

79.

NMM: Lockhart Leith: British Minefields p.7

80.

PRO: ADM 186/621 p.88

81.

Warrender’s movements ibid. pp.112-114 & p.121. Civilian casualties Board of Trade Enquiry returns in ADM 137/1002, 1003 & 1004. Also, voluminous press-reports: national, local and shipping

82.

Guildhall Library: Lloyd’s Weekly Index 5^th November 1914 p.7

83.

PRO: ADM 186/621 pp.124-126; and ADM 186/604 pp.14-15

84.

PRO: ADM 186/621 p.127; and ADM 137/2809 - Telegrams

85.

Guildhall Library: Lloyd’s War Losses p.6. Losses were higher however. Apart from a missing British steamer later deemed mined, careful private research has definitely uncovered another unidentified sinking: with two totally independent eye-witness accounts

86.

Guildhall Library: London Gazette 19^th February 1915 pp.1719-1720

87.

PRO: ADM 137/2809 Telegram Walters to Admiralty 23^rd December 1914

88.

Guildhall Library: Lloyd’s War Losses pp.6-7 & p.242

89.

PRO: ADM 186/604 p.8

90.

IWM: Diary of Revd. T.W.L. Casperz, ANTRIM, entry and diagram 15^th August 1914

91.

Captain Taprell-Dorling: Swept Channels - Being an Account of the Work of the Minesweepers in the Great War (London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1935) pp.41-43 & p.46

92.

PRO: ADM 1/7995 pp.3-4 Appendix II and minority report and minuted comments; ADM 1/8042 X1549 File 18^th November 1910 report and minuted comments; and ADM 1/8407/492

93.

PRO: ADM 186/604 pp.12-13

94.

Ibid. p.8

95.

PRO: ADM 137/976 deals with ‘hiring’ of small craft, but the files retained can only have been examples. Similarly ADM 137/2212 - ADM 137/2215 and ADM 137/2237 are surviving records of the bases at Lowestoft and Yarmouth respectively, but much is missing. Also, ADM 137/51-54 contains ‘Home Waters’ telegrams for this early period. However, no real conclusions can be drawn from these bodies of documents.

96.

PRO: ADM 1/8375/105

97.

PRO: ADM 137/970 pp47-49

98.

British Newspaper Library: Analysis of local press after Yarmouth raid. Specifically the Yarmouth & East Norfolk Standard North Walsham Post 13^th November 1914

99.

Regarding literature Samuel Hynes: The Edwardian Turn of Mind (Princeton: University Press, 1968) pp.22-53. R.N. opnions PRO: ADM 186/619 pp.105-107

100.

Examples PRO: ADM 137/984 p.38; and Guildhall Library: Shipping Gazette Weekly Summary 11^th September 1914 p.577. (Various items also dealing with economic matters as in footnote 95.)

101.

Example Taprell-Dorling: Swept Channels pp.73-74

102.

Examples PRO: ADM 137/2810 Bi-weekly mining statement 28-31 October 1914; and ADM 137/1004 pp.543-573

103.

Taprell-Dorling: Swept Channels pp.71-72

104.

Appeal for winter clothing Guildhall Library: Shipping Gazette Weekly Summary 2^nd October 1914 p.627

105.

Taprell-Dorling: Swept Channels pp.60-77; and IWM: Memoirs of (Hon.) Lt-Cdr. Charles Evans R.N.V.R. (unpublished and undated)

106.

Example PRO: ADM 1/8407/477

107.

Examples IMSG Guildhall Library: Shipping Gazette Weekly Summary 9^th October 1914; scouting PRO: MT23 314/T8464/14; R.N.V.R. IWM: Memoirs of Lt-Cdr. Evans

108.

PRO: ADM 53/37518; ADM 53/40444; and ADM 137/3893 pp.36-43 - translation of a letter from an unnamed German reserve officer regarding the DWARF ramming incident. (Not all details tally.)

109.

PRO: ADM 1/8392/291

110.

PRO: ADM 137/1002 p.16 for 1914 appraisal. ADM 116/942 enclosure within CinC Channel Fleet

111.

PRO: ADM 231/50 NID reports 1907-8

112.

PRO: ADM 189/33 p.73

113.

PRO: ADM 186/619 p.107

114.

Lockhart Leith: British Minefields p.55 & pp.337-338